"Tissue Repair, Contraction and the Myofibroblast" summarizes the most recent findings concerning the biology of the myofibroblast, a cell involved in the evolution and contraction of granulation tissue and of fibrotic changes. This recent work shows that the myofibroblast is responsible for the development of pathological situations such as hypertrophic scars, pulmonary and renal fibrosis and bronchial asthma.