This book addresses the generic chemical aspects of nanoparticle properties, behaviour, life-cycle analysis, ecotoxicity and modelling as these relate to their effects in the environment aquatic, terrestrial and atmospheric. This information is critical for the development of appropriate evidence-based policy and guidelines for risk assessment of nanotechnology. The book compiles the latest information on environmental and health aspects of nanomaterials, discussing the latest advances in the field and integrating knowledge from many different scientific disciplines. The introductory chapter provides an overview of the area and general context, ensuring the text is accessible for scientists who are not experts on in this area.