Most advanced accelerator applications require beams with high-power and high brightness, which are determined by space-charge effects at low energy. Examples are the giant High Energy Physics Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN, to be launched in 2008, and the International Linear Collider (ILC) being considered to follow the LHC. Other examples are Spallation Neutron Sources, the proposed Heavy Ion Inertial Fusion driver for energy production, Free Electron Lasers, and Muon Colliders.This revised and updated monograph offers a broad synoptic description of beams in accelerators and other devices with negligible to strong space charge effects. The book develops material in a systematic way and discusses the underlying physics and validity of theoretical relationships, design formulas and scaling laws.