The farm ruminant industry forms the core of livestock agriculture in Europe and many other parts the world, and suffers major economic loss every year due to reproductive dysgenesis. Protozoal diseases cause abortion in ruminants and therefore its rapid, accurate diagnosis is vital in improving the health and welfare of farm livestock. This book is a collective effort from international scientists involved in an EU COST Action. Carefully selected methodologies, presented in a simple and practical form, means laboratories can carry out their research with precision.