Soil micromorphology deals with the microscopic study of undisturbed soil and regolith samples, making use especially of thin sections and petrographic techniques. It exists as a discipline for almost seventy years. Since 1964, the micromorphological community organises every four years an International Working Meeting on Soil Micromorphology, which is attended by a hundred or more persons. The next meeting will take place in China (2008). Micromorphology is used by pedologists, quaternary geologists, sedimentologists, and since two decennia intensively by archaeologists. The idea of the book is to produce a state of art in the field of genetic interpretaion of micromorphological features, not restricted to the classic genetic soil horizons, but also covering processes of soil material formation and weathering, the results of human activities and regoliths in a wider sense.