Tremendous advances in the understanding the biology of the immune system have ushered in several new approaches to harness the capacity of the immune system in the clinic to both treat and prevent human cancer. Biologics such as monoclonal antibodies now represent the biggest class of newly approved therapies for human cancer, while several vaccine based approaches (including DNA, dendritic cell and peptide vaccines) are also showing promise. In this issue we have brought together several thought leaders in this rapidly advancing field to present the biologic basis, current status as well as near future of immunologic approaches against human cancer.