Health service human resources are key determinants of health service performance. The human resource is the largest and most expensive input into healthcare, yet it can be the most challenging to develop. This book examines some of the major challenges facing health care professions in Europe and the potential responses to these challenges. The main focus of the book is to establish how the current regulatory processes and practices related to the key aspects of the management of the health professions may facilitate or inhibit the development of effective responses to future challenges facing health care systems in Europe. The book documents how health care systems in Europe are confronting existing challenges in relation to the health workforce. The authors identify strategies that are likely to be most effective to optimise the management of health professionals in the future. Contributors: Carl Afford, Belgium; Rita Baeten, Observatoire Social EuropĂŠen, Brussels; James Buchan, Queen Margaret University College, Edinburgh; Anna Dixon, LSE; Carl-Ardy Dubois, LSHTM; SigrĂşn GunnarsdĂłttir, University of Iceland; Elisabeth Kachur, Medical Education Consultant; Karl Krajic, University of Vienna; Anna Mahon, Health Services Researcher, DoH; Alan Maynard, University of York; Martin McKee, LSHTM; Ellen Nolte, LSHTM; Anne-Marie Rafferty, LSHTM; Charles Shaw, CASPE Research, London; Ruth Young, University of Manchester.