The origins of Graph Theory date back to Euler (1736) with the solution of the celebrated 'Koenigsberg Bridges Problem'; and to Hamilton with the famous 'Trip around the World' game (1859), stating for the first time a problem which, in its most recent version that Graph theory has become an indispensable discipline in terms of the number and importance of its applications across the Applied Sciences. Graph theory has been especially central to Theoretical and Algorithmic Computer Science, and Automatic Control, Systems Optimization, Economy and Operations Research, Data Analysis in the Engineering Sciences. Close connections between graphs and algebraic structures have been widely used in the analysis and implementation of efficient algorithms for many problems, for example: transportation network optimization, telecommunication network optimization and planning, optimization in scheduling and production systems, etc.