Przemys³aw Urbañczyk, Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 Christian Lauranson–Rosaz, Le débat sur la „mutation féodale”: état de la question . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 Jerzy Strzelczyk, The Church and Christianity about the year 1000 (the missionary aspect) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41 Paul Bibire, The languages of Europe around the year 1000 A.D. . . . . . . . . 69 Stanis³aw Suchodolski, Change of transcontinental contacts as indicated by coins in the Baltic zone around 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85 Tomasz Wa¿ny, Wood and climate of the year 1000 A.D. . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Vladimir Ya. Petrukhin, The decline and legacy of Khazaria . . . . . . . . . . 109 Oleksiy Tolochko, Kievan Rus’ around the year 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 123 Florin Curta, Transylvania around A.D. 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 141 Panagiotis Antonopoulos, Charalambos Dendrinos, The Eastern Roman Empire at the turn of the first millennium . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 167 Peter Štih, Der Ostadriatische Raum um das Jahr 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 205 Claudio Azzara, Important figures in Italy in the year 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . 221 Amancio Isla, Warfare and other plagues in the Iberian Peninsula around the year 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 233 Simon Keynes, Apocalypse then: England A.D. 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 247 Barbara E. Crawford, Alba: the kingdom of Scotland in the year 1000 . . . . . 271 Dáibhí Ó Cróinín, Ireland c. 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 289 Birgitta Linderoth Wallace, Vinland 1000 — a European outpost in North America . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 307 Orri Vésteinsson, The conversion of the Icelanders . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 325 Claus Krag, Norway at the threshold of Western Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . 343 Else Roesdahl, Denmark — a thousand years ago . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 351 W³adys³aw Duczko, A.D. 1000 — the point of no return for the kingdom of Sweden . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 367 Christian Lübke, The Polabian alternative: paganism between Christian Kingdoms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379 Herwig Wolfram, New peoples around the year 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 391 Andrzej Pleszczyñski, Poland as an ally of the Holy Roman Empire . . . . . . 409 Dušan Tøestik, Bohemia’s Iron Year . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 427 Marianne Sághy, The making of the Christian kingdom in Hungary . . . . . . 451 Ludger Körntgen, The Emperor and his Friends: the Ottonian realm in the year 1000 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465