The Data Access Handbook Achieving Optimal Database Application Performance and Scalability John Goodson / Robert A. Steward Drive breakthrough database application performance by optimizing middleware and connectivity Performance and scalability are more critical than ever in today's enterprise database applications, and traditional database tuning isn't nearly enough to solve the performance problems you are likely to see in those applications. Nowadays, 75-95% of the time it takes to process a data request is typically spent in the database middleware. Today's worst performance and scalability problems are generally caused by issues with networking, database drivers, the broader software/hardware environment, and inefficient coding of data requests.