This is the first edition of the Network Troubleshooting Companion Guide for students enrolled in the CCNP 4 Network Troubleshooting Cisco Networking Academy Program course. The book is specifically designed to supplement the CCNP 4 online course version 3.0 and to prepare readers for the updated CIT exam. This book provides a detailed analysis of network troubleshooting for LANs and WANs. Topics include documentation, baselining, troubleshooting tools, troubleshooting methodologies, and per-OSI-layer troubleshooting techniques. This Companion Guide, combined with the Cisco Networking Academy Program CCNP 4: Network Troubleshooting Lab Companion, prepares students for the Cisco Internet Troubleshooting Support (CIT) exam. CIT is a qualifying exam for the CCNP certification. The CIT exam certifies that the successful candidate has important knowledge and skills necessary to troubleshoot sub-optimal performance in a converged network environment. The exam covers topics on establishing a baseline, determining an effective troubleshooting strategy, resolving problems at the physical and data link layers, resolving problems at the network layer, and resolving problems at the transport and application layers.