Computers built with moleware? The drive toward non-silicon computing is underway, and this first-of-its-kind guide to molecular computation gives researchers a firm grasp of the technologies, biochemical details, and theoretical models at the cutting edge. It explores advances in molecular biology and nanotechnology and illuminates how the convergence of various technologies is propelling computational capacity beyond the limitations of traditional hardware technology and into the realm of moleware. With its wealth of models, algorithms, designs, and problem-solving applications, this volume is the first to bridge the gap between biomaterial sciences/molecular biology modeling and bioinformatics engineering for bionanoscale phenomena. It brings researchers up to speed on DNA computing and membrane computing, and describes nanobiomachines including NanobioICT and their potential in information processing and communications. Supported by 80 illustrations, this trail-blazing volume will be indispensable for all engineers and researchers in the field.