Computer simulations used to describe new microstructures approaching the atomic have become remarkably complex and varied in their approach. In the first section of this collection of articles for undergraduates, graduates, and professionals, contributors describe fundamentals and basic methods of computer simulation at this scale, including justification for using physically-based models for industrial materials, diffusion controlled phase transformation, the phase-field method of microstructure evolution, the Monte Carlo method, crystal plasticity, yield surface plasticity and aniotropy, artificial neural networks, multiscale discrete dislocation dynamics plasticity, and cellular, lattice gas and Boltzmann automata. In the second section they describe applications of computer simulation to engineering microstructures and engineering materials processes, showing the relative advantages and disadvantages of each with specific examples, so readers can choose methods to meet a variety of structure situations and process simulations.